Fly Fishing Life

Explore the charm of fly fishing's Opening Day in April across the Northeast and Midwest. Learn traditions, top states, and what to expect on the water.

A neat cast, a perfect drift and the right fly won’t do you much good if your tippet is all wrong. Read on to match your tippet to your fly.

So, you're scrolling through the various lines available on our site or you've wandered into the fly shop, eyes glazing over at the wall of neatly stacked boxes, each promising to be the magic bullet for your casting woes, or the perfect line for your next destination. The truth is, understanding what's inside those boxes can feel like deciphering hieroglyphics. But fear not—let's break down the technical jargon into something that makes sense, so you can walk out with the right line and maybe even a grin. The Symbols On Fly Line Boxes First things first: the cryptic code on the box. It usually looks something like this: WF5F. Here's the Rosetta Stone: WF: Weight Forward. This taper design has most of the weight toward the front, aiding in longer casts. 5: Line weight. Matches the rod weight; in this case, a 5-weight rod. F: Floating line. Stays on the water's surface. Some other common and (not-so-common) symbols ST (Shooting Taper) – A short, heavy head designed to be paired with a running line for long-distance casting. Often used in streamer fishing or Spey casting. F/S (Floating/Sinking) – A combination line with a floating body and a sinking tip, useful for getting streamers or nymphs down while keeping most of the line on the surface for easier control. INT (Intermediate) – A slow-sinking line, typically sinking at 1-2 inches per second, ideal for fishing just below the surface. T (Tungsten-Tipped) – A sinking line with a tungsten-coated tip, allowing for a fast, controlled descent in deep water. Hover – A very slow-sinking line that stays just below the surface, often used in stillwater fishing when fish are feeding just under the top film. Weight Matters: Matching Line to Rod Fly lines are categorized by weight, typically ranging from 1 to 15, with 1 being the lightest. This number should correspond to your rod's weight rating (as a base to work from). The weight is measured in grains over the first 30 feet of the line. While this is far from an exact science and something of personal preference, matching the line weight to your rod ensures optimal performance.  Using a line that's too heavy or too light can affect casting accuracy and distance. A brief look at tapers The taper of a fly line influences how energy is transferred during the cast, affecting distance, presentation, and overall control. Choosing the right taper can make casting easier, improve accuracy, and help you present flies more naturally. Here’s a closer look at the most common fly line tapers and their specific uses: Weight Forward (WF)  What It Is: Most of the line’s weight is concentrated in the front third, making it easier to cast longer distances with less effort. Best For: General-purpose fishing, longer casts, and windy conditions. Ideal for beginners and experienced anglers alike. Pros: Shoots line efficiently with minimal false casting. Handles larger flies and heavier nymph rigs well. Easier to control in adverse weather conditions. Cons: Not as delicate as other tapers. Doesn’t mend as well as a double taper. Example: RIO Elite Rio Gold Fly Line – a weight-forward line with a long head for ultimate line control. Double Taper (DT)  What It Is: A symmetrical taper where both ends are identical, allowing for delicate presentations and easy roll casting. Best For: Dry fly fishing, roll casting, and short-to-medium distances where finesse matters. Pros: Excellent for mending and subtle fly presentations. More economical—once one end wears out, flip it and use the other side. Great for fishing small streams and technical waters. Cons: Doesn’t shoot line as efficiently as a WF taper. Not ideal for long-distance casting or heavy flies. Level (L)  What It Is: A fly line with a consistent diameter and no taper at all. These are basically extinct, but: Best For: Niche applications like Euro nymphing and some saltwater uses. Pros: Simple and inexpensive. Great for direct contact when tight-line nymphing. Cons: Lacks the finesse of tapered lines. Poor turnover for casting. Shooting Taper (ST)  What It Is: A short, heavy front section (head) paired with a thin running line, designed for long casts with minimal effort. Often used in two-piece setups where the shooting head can be swapped out. Best For: Streamer fishing, Spey casting, and saltwater applications where distance is key. Pros: Allows for extreme distance with minimal false casting. Great for big water and heavy flies. Cons: Lacks precision and delicate presentation. Can be difficult for beginners to control. Example: Scientific Anglers Amplitude Infinity Fly Line – a powerful taper with extended head control. Triangle Taper  What It Is: A continuous taper that places most of the weight toward the back, allowing for effortless roll casting and delicate presentations. Best For: Roll casting, switch rods, and delicate dry fly presentations. Pros: Excels in small streams and close-quarters fishing. Very smooth energy transfer for delicate presentations. Cons:Not ideal for power casting or windy conditions. Specialty Tapers In addition to the standard tapers, many fly lines feature specialized variations tailored to different fishing styles. For example: Short-Head Weight Forward Lines (e.g., bass bug tapers) concentrate weight in a short front section for turning over big flies. Long-Head Weight Forward Lines offer better control and mending at distance. Euro Nymphing Tapers are ultra-thin and level for direct sensitivity when fishing light nymph rigs. Choosing the right taper depends on your fishing conditions and style. Whether you're delicately laying down dry flies or bombing streamers across a windy river, there’s a taper designed to make your life easier. Density explained Understanding the density of fly lines is crucial for effectively presenting your fly at the desired depth. Fly lines are categorized based on their buoyancy and sink rates, which are typically measured in inches per second (ips). Here's a breakdown: Floating Lines (F) These lines remain on the water's surface, ideal for dry flies and situations where you want your line visible. Intermediate Lines (I) Intermediate lines sink slowly, usually at a rate of 1.5 to 2 inches per second, making them suitable for fishing just below the surface.  Sinking Lines (S) Sinking lines are designed to submerge at specific rates:  Type I : 1.5–2.5 ips  Type II : 1.75–2.75 ips  Type III : 2.5–3.5 ips Type IV : 4.0–5.0 ips  Type V : 4.5–6.0 ips  Type VI : 6.0–7.0 ips f Type VII : 7.0–8.0 ips Higher numbers indicate faster sink rates, allowing anglers to target deeper water columns. Sink-Tip Lines with Running Lines Sink-tip lines feature a sinking front section (tip) combined with a floating or intermediate running line. This design allows the fly to sink while enabling easier line management and mending. The sinking tips vary in length and sink rates. Check out the lines below to learn more: See Product See Product Find the line for you Expanding your fly line arsenal can significantly enhance your angling experience across various fishing scenarios. Here are six fly lines available from J. Stockard, each catering to different applications: RIO Elite Rio Gold Fly Line: Designed with a taper that provides incredible loop stability at distance and a front taper that delivers perfect presentation of flies between sizes #2 and #22. Its long head and back taper make it an excellent all-around fly line on rivers and lakes when long casts and complete line control are required.  Scientific Anglers Amplitude Infinity Fly Line: This line has the power to cast streamers yet retains delicacy for dry flies. It mends well and delivers flies at all distances. A Floating Texture on the tip section helps better flotation in the tip; it simply keeps dry flies floating longer.  RIO MainStream Trout Floating Fly Line: Designed for the budget-conscious angler, this line offers a versatile weight-forward taper suitable for various trout fishing applications. Its supple core ensures smooth casting and reliable performance. Scientific Anglers Frequency Trout Fly Line: This line features a versatile taper ideal for delicate presentations. Its mid-length head enhances control, making it suitable for both beginners and experienced anglers targeting trout.  RIO Elite Salmon/Steelhead Fly Line: Designed specifically for salmon and steelhead anglers, this line boasts a long head and rear taper for excellent mending and line control. Its low-stretch core enhances sensitivity and hook-setting performance.  Scientific Anglers AirCel Floating Fly Line: This line is the original modern floating fly line, now with a front loop and a raised bump in the handling section to indicate the ideal place to begin the cast. With dependable flotation and durability, this line features a mid-length head for general fishing situations.  Each of these lines offers unique features tailored to specific fishing scenarios, ensuring you can find the right match for your angling needs. See Product See Product See Product Deciphering a fly line box doesn't require a degree in cryptography. By understanding the key elements—taper, weight, and density—you can select a line that complements your rod and enhances your fishing experience. So next time you're faced with that wall of options, you'll know exactly what to look for. Happy casting!

Being successful at fishing in general, and fly fishing in particular, is largely a matter of being in the right place at the right time.

In Part 2 of this blog, we discussed snow, ice and safety; glare; and water conditions. In Part 3 of this series, we will look at: - Productive Techniques – flies and set-ups to use in the various conditions

In the Part 1 blog we discussed the common myth that you should focus on deeper slower water in the winter because the water is colder and the best time of day for fishing success. In Part 2, we will look at: - Snow, Ice, and Safety - Glare - Water Conditions o Low and clear o Low runoff, moderate water clarity o Moderate runoff, cloudy but fishable o High runoff, very cloudy unfishable As I work through the rest of the variables, it is good to remember that these are generalizations. As any fisherman knows, there are always exceptions to “normal.” (As if there is such a thing!) With this caveat in mind let’s dive into the list.

This is a true story that happened over the last six months. I can still hardly believe it, but I am quite certain I caught the same trout three times in this time period! And not just any trout, but a reasonably large one.

Charles Vick is the President & General Manager of J. Stockard Fly Fishing. Considering that I run a fly fishing business, I don’t fish as much as you’d think. Usually that’s just fine with me. Supporting the team that makes J. Stockard Fly Fishing tick keeps me plenty busy and is a real joy. Like they say, “do what you love…” That said, sometimes you have to get out and experience what it's all about. This July I had the supreme pleasure of spending a week fly fishing Montana and Yellowstone (with some sightseeing thrown in). I was joined by my sister, who is a member of the extended J. Stockard team. Most of our fly fishing is limited to our respective local waters, and this trip was an opportunity to see more of what North America has to offer. To say it over-delivered would be an understatement. We’re very grateful to long-time friend of J. Stockard, guest blogger, irrepressible fly fisher and fly tyer, and Bozeman resident Mike Cline. Mike has been featured many times on our blog - you can read some of Mike's most popular posts here. He provided a lot of suggestions for our trip, all of which were on the money. We met him for dinner in Bozeman on the day we arrived. In addition to recommending some fishing spots, he presented us with a beautifully tied arsenal for our trip. Mike Cline's fly box gift Welcome to Big Sky Country Our first full day in Montana was another travel day, this time by road, to the lodge we would stay at for the next few days. We were lucky to have a relaxed scheduled, which afforded us the opportunity to make a few stops along the way to soak in the beauty and history of that part of the country. Our drive had us following the legendary Madison River for a long stretch. Unsurprisingly for a holiday week, there were so many drift boats it’s amazing there was any room left for fish. We also had time for a stroll in historic Virginia City, the seat of Madison County. The real highlight, though, was the drive up the Ruby Valley to our lodge. We chased lightning and rain along dirt roads for the last 30 minutes of our 2 hour drive from Bozeman. We made our way past endless hills of sagebrush, private and guest ranches, the Ruby River Reservoir, copses of deciduous trees in the valley that mark where the Ruby River snakes across the plain. Nestled in the mouth of the canyon where the Ruby River comes out of the valley between the Snowcrest and Gravelly ranges sits Upper Canyon Outfitters. Ruby River Valley Upper Canyon Outfitters - Home Away from Home Upper Canyon Outfitters is a collection of small log buildings at the end of a long valley. As we turned down the driveway, we passed a corral of around 15 horses on one side and the “conference room”, a building used by the hunting and guiding team as home base, on the other. There were several cabins in a circle and the office/fly shop and main lodge. Jose, with whom we’d been communicating via email, came out of the office immediately to greet us. We got a tour, along with a review of the week’s planned activities (three days of fishing for me, 2 fishing days and a day of horseback riding for my sister). Finally, we made our way to our accommodations for the next few days, a cozy A-frame cabin. The view from our cabin at Upper Canyon Outfitters Pretty soon it was time for “happy half hour” and dinner. Every evening, the staff and guests gather together for drinks and appetizers before a group sit-down meal. I met a guy named Izzack tending bar who, it turned out, would be our fishing guide for the week! We met other guests (including a venture capitalist from Boston and a roofing company owner from nearby Jefferson City). We also got to meet the rest of the staff including the other fishing guides, horse wranglers, buggy tour guides, and the owners Donna and Jake. We were also joined by Donna’s parents who came to the land with their parents in the early 1900s as homesteaders. Here, the line between guest and staff blurred, making for a relaxed, comfortable atmosphere that made me feel at home immediately even though I was 2,000 miles from where I live. The small talk was what you’d expect but was comfortable nonetheless: Where are you from? What brings you here? What are you doing this week? Jake regaled those of us who’d just arrived with a truly stunning mountain lion hunting story. Lest you should think he was telling tall tales, the mountain lion was mounted above the living room along with other impressive hunting trophies. When we asked about the other trophies, he was quick to nod to a couple of the largest elk heads you’ve ever seen and brag that the nicer looking one is Donna’s: “She’s a much better hunter than I am”. The backyard at Upper Canyon Outfitters Upper Canyon Outfitter's living room Montana Fly Fishing Day 1: Ruby River Dam & Judy Lane I understand “dry or die” purists. There’s something special…etc. etc. I totally agree! (More on that later.) That said, I’m perfectly capable of going out and getting skunked in my local waters. I don’t need to come all the way to Montana for that. So for our first day out on Montana’s water, we were mostly nymphing. And boy was it effective. Fishing below Ruby River Dam Our first spot was just below the Ruby River Reservoir, an artificial lake large enough to attract motorboat recreation. Below the dam holding it back is a rushing mountain river, maybe 40-60 feet across. With relatively easy wading as long as you stay out of the main current, rocky sage-covered hills rising up on both sides, and cold blue-green water flowing from the bottom of the dam, this is a stunning introduction to Montana fly fishing. When we got to the first pocket, our guide pointed to a deep channel with a couple of rocks on either side and said, “There’s probably 5 trout right there.” At the time I don’t think I really believed it, but I was about to. Izzy had already set up dual-nymph rigs on a 10-foot 3-weight rod. It took a few minutes to get into a rhythm and develop a feel for the longer rod (on my tight streams back east I use an 8-foot 4-weight for just about everything). The fish were not patient. We had left the ranch at 8:30. Between the drive and gearing up we were in the water by 9:15. The photo timestamp on the first fish of the trip is 9:32. A great first catch at Ruby River Dam The rest of the morning continued pretty much like that. Those Montana brown trout were hungry - I don’t remember how many we caught that morning but we were "on the fish" every minute of it. Before we broke for lunch, my sister and I got a double hook-up, with her catching her first rainbow trout of the day and me reeling in my biggest of the day, an 18-inch brown. After lunch we moved to Judy Lane, a spot further down the Ruby River valley to lower, slower water. Not only would this be a taste of something different, but it would afford us an opportunity for dry fly fishing. In fact, I got my first Montana dry fly fishing experience immediately upon arrival at Judy Lane. Izzy leads us along the Ruby River at Judy Lane At this location, a small bridge passes just a few feet over a smaller section of the Ruby River. The water is already considerably smaller due to the irrigation takeoffs upstream. We stepped down the riverbank into the water on the downstream side of the bridge. Peering upstream under the bridge, we saw a fish rise under a tree just upstream of the bridge. The rise had been on the same side of the river we were on, so we went into stealth mode, waded across the river, and then slinked (slunk?) under the bridge to bring us almost, but not quite, even with our target (who continued to gently pick PMDs off the surface). As soon as I got a PMD in the right spot, the fish took it. While I thought I got a good set, the fish darted downstream, turned back up, and I promptly yanked the hook right out of its mouth. My first Montana dry fly fishing experience resulted in a draw. For the next few hours we had as successful an afternoon nymphing as we'd had in the morning, but now I had my eyes peeled for rising trout and was a little disappointed not to see any more lifts that day. But my dry fly angling was far from over. Fly of the Day: Bead Head Nymph Here's a recipe from our blog archive for a great all-around nymph: Gold Bead Possie Nymph - Fly of the Month Ruby River Fly Fishing Day 2: Vigilante Upper Canyon Outfitters offers more than Montana fly fishing. There is hiking, backcountry tours, and horseback riding (including equine-based therapy). My sister, an erstwhile horseback riding enthusiast, used the second day of our time at UCO to go on a horseback backcountry tour riding up nearly 5,000' of elevation. UCO offers more than fishing Meanwhile, Izzy and I got back on the fish down below the Ruby River Reservoir. The previous day we had been fishing just a few hundred yards below the dam. On the second day we moved further downstream to an area called Vigilante (this region of Montana has a long and storied history of outlaws, and outlaw justice). Here, there is still the full flow of the river coming out of the bottom of the dam - very little has been taken off for irrigation. However, the valley is widening so the river is beginning to widen and meander, slowing down the current and creating opportunity for a wide variety of angling techniques. In order to get to our first location, we had to cross a meadow and scurry through some thick brush. I was impressed that Izzy was able to get through the brush carrying a rod and with a long-handled landing net holstered in his backpack. It was all I could do to get through with my hat still on. Izzy would also call out "Here we come!" as we worked our way through the brush. If you're going to encounter any wildlife, its vastly preferable not to surprise them. While Izzy promised me we'd keep our eyes open for good dry fly opportunities, he got me to work nymphing. I enjoyed the variety here - it was a great learning opportunity for me. I think I could get a thousand lessons in how to read a river and still need help when I get to new water. It was also a fun opportunity to get a little more targeted with my casts. This section had a mixed bag of river terrain - narrow long pools along grassy undercuts, small deep pools at the bottom of short cascades, wide riffles, and more. We got into the brown trout almost immediately and I had what I would modestly call a productive morning. With Izzy's sure guidance, I pulled brown trout out of almost every imaginable stream formation. The highlight of the day began with Izzy spotting a good size fish eating mayflies off a bubble line running under an overhanging bush. I'm not the best caster in the world and there was, by my standards, the smallest window in which I could land a fly that would get swept over this target. But Izzy's confidence became my confidence, and within a few casts I put a caddis on target to hook and land one of the biggest and best fish I've caught on a dry fly. It turned an already great day into one I will remember for years. A nice brown trout on a dry fly Fly of the Day: Caddis Here's a good caddis recipe from our blog archive: Neversink Caddis Fly Fishing Day 3: Warm Springs Creek Our last day fly fishing at Upper Canyon Outfitters was a different flavor. We told our guide that we'd sacrifice fish count if it meant getting to experience some mountain creek fly fishing. One of the claims to fame of this small corner of Montana is the Upper Ruby River, which comes down from between the Snowcrest and Gravelly Ranges before flowing into the Beaverhead River, and then the Jefferson River and finally the Missouri River (then its a looooong way to the Mississippi River). Up in the valley where the Ruby originates, it's barely a small mountain creek but one so beautiful and secluded that it already has an entry in our blog. Unfortunately, the Upper Ruby River was completely blown out by the thunderstorms we brought with us on the first day. The fly fishing guiding team at Upper Canyon Outfitters was very apologetic that we wouldn't get to fish the Upper Ruby. While we couldn't get onto the Upper Ruby, we instead opted for Warm Springs Creek, which ran down a canyon to meet the Upper Ruby right before it passes the lodge. Fishing Warm Springs Creek was a whole other experience. We were mostly angling to do some dry fly fishing though we were not too proud to have a nymph dropper on. We caught a few small rainbow trout and brown trout each - probably nothing more than 8-10 inches. A size 16 PMD was the hero of the day. We spent as much time moving as fishing, as the steep terrain and heavy forest growth made for slow walking. The narrow confines of the creek also made for the first legitimate casting challenges of the week, but what made it challenging was also what made it unique. Walking Warm Springs Creek Warm Springs Creek was a uniquely beautiful place to fish For me, this was Montana fly fishing at its best. The beauty of this stretch was uparalleled. Over a more relaxed lunch, we got Izzy to tell us hunting stories (in the fall, he will put down his fly fishing rod and pick up a rifle as a hunting guide). At the end of the day, it was the least productive (by fish count) of our 3 days fishing, and probably the most memorable. Fly of the Day: PMD Finally, here's a handy PMD recipe from our friends at Fly Tyer magazine: The Poly Dun PMD Fly Recipe There's No Place Like Home The three days my sister and I spent fly fishing the Ruby River and it's tributary Warm Springs Creek will be 3 days we won't soon forget. The fishing experience was incredible and it met my very high expectations. What exceeded expectations, however, was the warm, inviting, familial atmosphere at our home away from home, Upper Canyon Outfitters. When I think of my time in Montana, I will remember monster brown trout at Ruby River Dam, and picky rainbow trout on Warm Springs Creek. Izzy guided us on a hike for our last afternoon at UCO I will also recall evenings in the Montana fishing lodge of Upper Canyon Outfitters, surrounded by Jake's and Donna's hunting trophies, getting to know the people that make it one big happy family. It takes a special family to create such a special place, and an amazing team to actually make it all work. Our many thanks to everyone at Upper Canyon Outfitters for making our stay incredible!

On Father’s Day I drove with my family to a nice little cascading waterfall on a small stream near the southern end of Lake Tahoe. We let the doggy dip his toes in the cold water, took a few photos, listened to the water, and generally decompressed.